Link
Task 1. Read the article by following the link and try to answer the questions below.
1) What problems with health can people being in constant loneliness have?
2) How does the time shift underground and how does it affect the bilogical mode of people being underground?
3) What kind of hallucinations has group of volunteers experienced in the dark?
4) How did that group of volunteers feel after the experiment they took part in?
5) Why does a brain create hallucinations when people are stayng in isolated rooms?
Task 2. Match the difinitions with the words from the text.
1) __________ - v. to help someone to get out of a place
2) __________ - adj. spoken well and without difficulty
3) __________ - n. a way of thinking about things
4) __________ - v. to experience difficulties and be likely to fail
5) __________ - adj. not real but intended to look or seem real
Link to the dictionary
среда, 28 января 2015 г.
вторник, 20 января 2015 г.
Work with press
Read the text and fill the gaps. There are two sentences you do not have to use.
Friends want life advice? Tell them to travel more
“Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry and narrow-mindedness, and many of our people need it sorely on these accounts.” – Mark Twain
Related article: Surreal towns, shaped by nature
Mark Twain is just one of history’s many writers and thinkers who list travel as an essential piece of life’s ultimate journey. But what makes seeing the world so important?
1.....In response to the question “Why do people advise ‘travelling’ so much when I ask them about life advice?”, community members shared how their own travel experiences shaped their lives and perspectives, and why they would recommend it to others. 2.....
You’ll better understand yourself
Travel sometimes forces people into unusual or stressful situations. Doria Arlin Ortega Michel, originally from Mexico, experienced this first-hand on her first night in Denmark, on a completely different continent in a country where she didn’t speak the native language. The airlines lost her luggage, her hotel reservations went missing and she had to navigate a new university campus to find her classes. 3.....
“I had been confronted to do things that I could never do or never had the necessity to do at home,” Ortega Michel explained. “I have learned from great people about different styles of living, about different cultures, about kindness, about wisdom, courage, respect… things I would have never have learned if I did not go out of my comfort zone and decide to travel alone.”
Fellow student Fernando Ortega put his travelling experience in similar terms. “You learn what you are made of,” he said. “How long you can walk without rest, how little you can spend… and you also get to discover what kind of things truly interest you.”
One of Ortega’s favourite places is the city of Venice, despite others telling him the city “smells bad because of the water”, had “too many tourists”, or was “too expensive”. 4.....
Quora user Andrew Anya echoed the sentiment, saying travel “is the best chance you have to see an unfiltered, unbiased view of the world”. But he also made it clear that travel isn’t an end in itself. 5.....
You’ll gain a broader perspective
As Twain’s quote emphasises, travel can open people’s minds and allow them to see things from a new perspective.
“When you travel, you are faced with alternative cultures that have a different way of doing, thinking and believing,” said Simon Huggins. 6..... When you get home, you come back to your own culture with different eyes and a more questioning mind.”
7..... From the juxtaposition of slums against the city, the madness of the traffic and the incredible humidity, the sensory inundation was enough to stay with him forever. Years later, they are the details he most vividly recalls – far more than his visit to the Taj Mahal, which he described as “just another building” in the face of his other eye-opening cultural experiences.
A. Instead of believing what they said, he went, and fell in love with the history of a place where “so many things happened”.
B. We conducted a survey among people to find the best answer to this.
C. “It challenges your assumptions and makes you shift your way of looking at things.
D. Here are a few of the themes that came up again and again.
E. “If the experience doesn't change you, you've wasted it… so travel with a purpose, not just for the sake of it.”
F. But the experience made her grow as a person, meet new people and realise that “the world is not as scary as some say.”
G. For Huggins, a trip to Mumbai opened his eyes to how different life could be to his hometown of Banbury, England.
H. We went looking for reasons on question-and-answer community Quora.com.
i. “It gives your lots of unforgettable sensations that stay with you for a lifetime.”
Link
Friends want life advice? Tell them to travel more
“Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry and narrow-mindedness, and many of our people need it sorely on these accounts.” – Mark Twain
Related article: Surreal towns, shaped by nature
Mark Twain is just one of history’s many writers and thinkers who list travel as an essential piece of life’s ultimate journey. But what makes seeing the world so important?
1.....In response to the question “Why do people advise ‘travelling’ so much when I ask them about life advice?”, community members shared how their own travel experiences shaped their lives and perspectives, and why they would recommend it to others. 2.....
You’ll better understand yourself
Travel sometimes forces people into unusual or stressful situations. Doria Arlin Ortega Michel, originally from Mexico, experienced this first-hand on her first night in Denmark, on a completely different continent in a country where she didn’t speak the native language. The airlines lost her luggage, her hotel reservations went missing and she had to navigate a new university campus to find her classes. 3.....
“I had been confronted to do things that I could never do or never had the necessity to do at home,” Ortega Michel explained. “I have learned from great people about different styles of living, about different cultures, about kindness, about wisdom, courage, respect… things I would have never have learned if I did not go out of my comfort zone and decide to travel alone.”
Fellow student Fernando Ortega put his travelling experience in similar terms. “You learn what you are made of,” he said. “How long you can walk without rest, how little you can spend… and you also get to discover what kind of things truly interest you.”
One of Ortega’s favourite places is the city of Venice, despite others telling him the city “smells bad because of the water”, had “too many tourists”, or was “too expensive”. 4.....
Quora user Andrew Anya echoed the sentiment, saying travel “is the best chance you have to see an unfiltered, unbiased view of the world”. But he also made it clear that travel isn’t an end in itself. 5.....
You’ll gain a broader perspective
As Twain’s quote emphasises, travel can open people’s minds and allow them to see things from a new perspective.
“When you travel, you are faced with alternative cultures that have a different way of doing, thinking and believing,” said Simon Huggins. 6..... When you get home, you come back to your own culture with different eyes and a more questioning mind.”
7..... From the juxtaposition of slums against the city, the madness of the traffic and the incredible humidity, the sensory inundation was enough to stay with him forever. Years later, they are the details he most vividly recalls – far more than his visit to the Taj Mahal, which he described as “just another building” in the face of his other eye-opening cultural experiences.
A. Instead of believing what they said, he went, and fell in love with the history of a place where “so many things happened”.
B. We conducted a survey among people to find the best answer to this.
C. “It challenges your assumptions and makes you shift your way of looking at things.
D. Here are a few of the themes that came up again and again.
E. “If the experience doesn't change you, you've wasted it… so travel with a purpose, not just for the sake of it.”
F. But the experience made her grow as a person, meet new people and realise that “the world is not as scary as some say.”
G. For Huggins, a trip to Mumbai opened his eyes to how different life could be to his hometown of Banbury, England.
H. We went looking for reasons on question-and-answer community Quora.com.
i. “It gives your lots of unforgettable sensations that stay with you for a lifetime.”
Link
пятница, 23 мая 2014 г.
Reading the press
link
1. Why are African American students and parents unhappy at Watts middle school?
2. Why was a sixth-grade girl sent home from Markham Middle School?
3. How did Markham's administrators react on the prosecution due to the incident?
4. What did Ingrid Villeda say about the situation?
5. How do you think, why this tension against Latin and African American appeared again?
6. Will be there a time in the future when all people can live in peace without any mutual aggressions?
1. Why are African American students and parents unhappy at Watts middle school?
2. Why was a sixth-grade girl sent home from Markham Middle School?
3. How did Markham's administrators react on the prosecution due to the incident?
4. What did Ingrid Villeda say about the situation?
5. How do you think, why this tension against Latin and African American appeared again?
6. Will be there a time in the future when all people can live in peace without any mutual aggressions?
среда, 21 мая 2014 г.
English-speaking Countries
link
The headline of the article I have recently read is "New Year's Eve celebrations around Australia". It was published on Janury 1 in 2013 in Sydney Morning Herald.
The article is devoted to celebration of New Year's Eve in Australia. According to the author it was really spectaculor event on that day or better say at night.
In 2013 this event brought together into Sydney about 1.5 million people and what is more interesting the reason these people gathered there was to watch the $6.6 million fireworks display light up the sky. I am quite impressed by the sum of money allocated for the fireworks as it is too big. But according to the article New Year is the essential holiday in Australia.
After watching video and pictures from this event I must confess that the view is really beautiful. Also the author presented a small review of people's impressions form what they had seen. People said it was amaizing and magnificent.
The author concludes that it was the largest celebration of New Year's Eve they ever had in Australia, where furthermore lots of people poured in.
The headline of the article I have recently read is "New Year's Eve celebrations around Australia". It was published on Janury 1 in 2013 in Sydney Morning Herald.
The article is devoted to celebration of New Year's Eve in Australia. According to the author it was really spectaculor event on that day or better say at night.
In 2013 this event brought together into Sydney about 1.5 million people and what is more interesting the reason these people gathered there was to watch the $6.6 million fireworks display light up the sky. I am quite impressed by the sum of money allocated for the fireworks as it is too big. But according to the article New Year is the essential holiday in Australia.
After watching video and pictures from this event I must confess that the view is really beautiful. Also the author presented a small review of people's impressions form what they had seen. People said it was amaizing and magnificent.
The author concludes that it was the largest celebration of New Year's Eve they ever had in Australia, where furthermore lots of people poured in.
четверг, 28 ноября 2013 г.
Are traditions important?
Different traditions unites people from one country. For example, if there is Mother's Day in estonia, everyone gives flowers or sweets to his or her mother. If there is St. Valentine's Day, all friends and lovers gives small presents to each other and everybody on that day feel himself a little happier.
Thanks to different traditions in family its members can spend more time together improving relations and strenghtening the bond between each other.
Traditions are important because they influence the evolution of our life and make it more interesting and amazing.
link
среда, 13 ноября 2013 г.
Biotechnologies
Depression 'makes us biologically older
By Michelle Roberts Health editor
Depression can make us physically older by speeding up the ageing process in our cells, according to a study.
Lab tests showed cells looked biologically older in people who were severely depressed or who had been in the past.
These visible differences in a measure of cell ageing called telomere length couldn't be explained by other factors, such as whether a person smoked.
The findings, in more than 2,000 people, appear in Molecular Psychiatry.
Experts already know that people with major depression are at increased risk of age-related diseases such as cancer, diabetes, obesity and heart disease.
This might be partly down to unhealthy lifestyle behaviours such as alcohol use and physical inactivity.
But scientists suspect depression takes its own toll on our cells.
Telomere shortening
To investigate, Josine Verhoeven from the VU University Medical Centre in the Netherlands, along with colleagues from the US, recruited 2,407 people to take part in the study.
More than one third of the volunteers were currently depressed, a third had experienced major depression in the past and the rest had never been depressed.
The volunteers were asked to give a blood sample for the researchers to analyse in the lab for signs of cellular ageing.
The researchers were looking for changes in structures deep inside cells called telomeres.
Telomeres cap the end of our chromosomes which house our DNA. Their job is to stop any unwanted loss of this vital genetic code. As cells divide, the telomeres get shorter and shorter. Measuring their length is a way of assessing cellular ageing.
People who were or had been depressed had much shorter telomeres than those who had never experienced depression. This difference was apparent even after lifestyle differences, such as heavy drinking and smoking, were taken into account.
Furthermore, the most severely and chronically depressed patients had the shortest telomeres.
Dr Verhoeven and colleagues speculate that shortened telomeres are a consequence of the body's reaction to the distress depression causes.
"This large-scale study provides convincing evidence that depression is associated with several years of biological ageing, especially among those with the most severe and chronic symptoms," they say.
But it is unclear whether this ageing process is harmful and if it can be reversed.
UK expert Dr Anna Phillips, of the University of Birmingham, has researched the effects of stress on telomere length.
She says telomere length does not consistently predict other key outcomes such as death risk.
Further, it is likely that only a major depressive disorder, not experience of or even a lifetime of mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms, relates to telomere length, she said.
link
Task 1
Read the article and choose the correct option.
1) Cells of what kind of people lab tests showed they looked biologically older?
a) people who were often drank
b) people who were severely depressed or who had been in the past
c) people who were depressed only one time
2) What diseases are people with major depression exposed to?
a) cancer, diabetes, obesity, heart disease
b) allergic diathesis , diabetes, tonsillitis
с) obesity, pneumonia, faint
3) What part of the volunteers were currently depressed?
a) only one third
b) over one third
c) under one third
4) What did researchers need to identify the presence of signs of cellular ageing?
a) a urine sample from each volunteer
b) a saliva sample from each volunteer
c) a blood sample from each volunteer
5) What is the main job of telomeres?
a) they cap the end of the chromosomes
b) to help the cells divide faster
c) to halt any unwanted loss of vital genetic code
6) Because of what changes in our cells' structures we get physically older, according to the study?
a) telomere lengthening
b) telomere division
c) telomere shortening
7) Did people's lifestyle affect the telomeres' difference of people who were or had been depressed and who weren't or hadn't been depressed?
a) yes
b) no
c) NI (no information)
8) Who has investigated how stress affects the telomere lenght?
a) Josine Verhoeven
b) Dr Anna Phillips
c) researchers from the US
9) Where are Josine Verhoeven's colleagues in study come from?
a) the Netherlands
b) the US
c) the UK
By Michelle Roberts Health editor
Depression can make us physically older by speeding up the ageing process in our cells, according to a study.
Lab tests showed cells looked biologically older in people who were severely depressed or who had been in the past.
These visible differences in a measure of cell ageing called telomere length couldn't be explained by other factors, such as whether a person smoked.
The findings, in more than 2,000 people, appear in Molecular Psychiatry.
Experts already know that people with major depression are at increased risk of age-related diseases such as cancer, diabetes, obesity and heart disease.
This might be partly down to unhealthy lifestyle behaviours such as alcohol use and physical inactivity.
But scientists suspect depression takes its own toll on our cells.
Telomere shortening
To investigate, Josine Verhoeven from the VU University Medical Centre in the Netherlands, along with colleagues from the US, recruited 2,407 people to take part in the study.
More than one third of the volunteers were currently depressed, a third had experienced major depression in the past and the rest had never been depressed.
The volunteers were asked to give a blood sample for the researchers to analyse in the lab for signs of cellular ageing.
The researchers were looking for changes in structures deep inside cells called telomeres.
Telomeres cap the end of our chromosomes which house our DNA. Their job is to stop any unwanted loss of this vital genetic code. As cells divide, the telomeres get shorter and shorter. Measuring their length is a way of assessing cellular ageing.
People who were or had been depressed had much shorter telomeres than those who had never experienced depression. This difference was apparent even after lifestyle differences, such as heavy drinking and smoking, were taken into account.
Furthermore, the most severely and chronically depressed patients had the shortest telomeres.
Dr Verhoeven and colleagues speculate that shortened telomeres are a consequence of the body's reaction to the distress depression causes.
"This large-scale study provides convincing evidence that depression is associated with several years of biological ageing, especially among those with the most severe and chronic symptoms," they say.
But it is unclear whether this ageing process is harmful and if it can be reversed.
UK expert Dr Anna Phillips, of the University of Birmingham, has researched the effects of stress on telomere length.
She says telomere length does not consistently predict other key outcomes such as death risk.
Further, it is likely that only a major depressive disorder, not experience of or even a lifetime of mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms, relates to telomere length, she said.
link
Task 1
Read the article and choose the correct option.
1) Cells of what kind of people lab tests showed they looked biologically older?
a) people who were often drank
b) people who were severely depressed or who had been in the past
c) people who were depressed only one time
2) What diseases are people with major depression exposed to?
a) cancer, diabetes, obesity, heart disease
b) allergic diathesis , diabetes, tonsillitis
с) obesity, pneumonia, faint
3) What part of the volunteers were currently depressed?
a) only one third
b) over one third
c) under one third
4) What did researchers need to identify the presence of signs of cellular ageing?
a) a urine sample from each volunteer
b) a saliva sample from each volunteer
c) a blood sample from each volunteer
5) What is the main job of telomeres?
a) they cap the end of the chromosomes
b) to help the cells divide faster
c) to halt any unwanted loss of vital genetic code
6) Because of what changes in our cells' structures we get physically older, according to the study?
a) telomere lengthening
b) telomere division
c) telomere shortening
7) Did people's lifestyle affect the telomeres' difference of people who were or had been depressed and who weren't or hadn't been depressed?
a) yes
b) no
c) NI (no information)
8) Who has investigated how stress affects the telomere lenght?
a) Josine Verhoeven
b) Dr Anna Phillips
c) researchers from the US
9) Where are Josine Verhoeven's colleagues in study come from?
a) the Netherlands
b) the US
c) the UK
вторник, 12 ноября 2013 г.
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